{"id":2374,"date":"2023-12-25T19:47:31","date_gmt":"2023-12-25T19:47:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jevisitelyon.com\/?p=2374"},"modified":"2025-12-02T09:11:25","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T09:11:25","slug":"the-gallo-roman-city","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jevisitelyon.com\/en\/the-gallo-roman-city\/","title":{"rendered":"The Gallo-Roman city"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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La fondation de Lugdunum a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9battue par les historiens en raison du manque de d\u00e9tails dans les \u00e9crits anciens. L’histoire de Lugdunum repose principalement sur les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques abondantes et sur l’\u00e9pigraphie.<\/p>

La Naissance de Lugdunum<\/h2>

D’apr\u00e8s Cic\u00e9ron, une r\u00e9volte \u00e0 Vienne en 44 avant J.-C. a entra\u00een\u00e9 l’expulsion de v\u00e9t\u00e9rans romains de la V\u00e8me l\u00e9gion, qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 install\u00e9s au confluent du Rh\u00f4ne et de la Sa\u00f4ne. Ces soldats, plac\u00e9s l\u00e0 par C\u00e9sar pour surveiller une nouvelle colonie hostile au dictateur, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9affect\u00e9s par Munatius Plancus pour \u00e9viter qu’ils ne rejoignent Antoine. C’est ainsi qu’en 43 avant J.-C., Munatius Plancus a trac\u00e9 les principales voies de Lugdunum, donnant naissance \u00e0 la colonie.<\/p>

\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, la r\u00e9gion \u00e9tait occup\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re \u00e9parse par les Gaulois de la tribu celte des S\u00e9gusiaves. Les activit\u00e9s commerciales \u00e9taient importantes dans l’\u00eele des Canabaes, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l’ancien confluent du Rh\u00f4ne et de la Sa\u00f4ne (l’actuel quartier d’Ainay).<\/p>

Construction du Sanctuaire des Trois Gaules<\/h2>

Sous l’influence des Celtes et des cultures orientales, la civilisation romaine a perdu une partie de ses valeurs fondamentales. Ainsi, Auguste a tent\u00e9 de restaurer la moralit\u00e9 des institutions en introduisant, en 27 avant J.-C., le culte imp\u00e9rial \u00e0 Lugdunum. Lugdunum est devenue la capitale des Trois Gaules, et Auguste a confi\u00e9 \u00e0 son gendre Agrippa la construction d’un important r\u00e9seau routier \u00e0 partir de cette ville.<\/p>

En 12 avant J.-C., Drusus a entrepris la construction du sanctuaire f\u00e9d\u00e9ral des Trois Gaules, si\u00e8ge du culte imp\u00e9rial et lieu de rassemblement annuel des d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s des soixante tribus gauloises.<\/p>

Trente et un ans plus tard, Rufus, pr\u00eatre de Rome et d’Auguste, a financ\u00e9 la construction de l’amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Croix-Rousse, o\u00f9 se d\u00e9roulaient les combats de gladiateurs et les concours d’\u00e9loquence de Caligula. \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, la ville comptait d\u00e9j\u00e0 environ 50 000 habitants.<\/p>

\"Amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre
Amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre des Trois Gaules<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Lugdunum sous Claude et Hadrien<\/h2>

L’empereur Claude est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Lugdunum en 10 avant J.-C. Il a demand\u00e9 au S\u00e9nat d’accorder la citoyennet\u00e9 romaine aux habitants de Lyon, ce qui est rest\u00e9 grav\u00e9 dans la table claudienne<\/strong> en bronze. Sous le r\u00e8gne d’Hadrien, de 117 \u00e0 138, Lugdunum a atteint son apog\u00e9e, avec des structures monumentales telles que l’amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre de la Croix-Rousse et le sanctuaire des Trois Gaules.<\/p>

Hadrien a \u00e9galement initi\u00e9 la construction du sanctuaire de Cyb\u00e8le, au-dessus du th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Fourvi\u00e8re. Ce culte pa\u00efen a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l’origine du martyre des premiers chr\u00e9tiens lyonnais.<\/p>

\"Tables
Tables claudiennes<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Lugdunum et la Mont\u00e9e du Christianisme<\/h2>

Au milieu du deuxi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, une importante communaut\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne dirig\u00e9e par Pothin, le premier \u00e9v\u00eaque, s’est implant\u00e9e \u00e0 Lugdunum. Les chr\u00e9tiens, refusant le culte officiel imp\u00e9rial, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 accus\u00e9s de d\u00e9loyaut\u00e9 envers l’autorit\u00e9 imp\u00e9riale. Cela a conduit \u00e0 des pers\u00e9cutions brutales et au martyre de plusieurs chr\u00e9tiens, dont saint Pothin et sainte Blandine.<\/p>

La cit\u00e9 fut plus tard le th\u00e9\u00e2tre de conflits entre Septime S\u00e9v\u00e8re et Albinus, entra\u00eenant des repr\u00e9sailles, des destructions et marquant le d\u00e9but de son d\u00e9clin. Malgr\u00e9 cela, l’influence romaine a perdur\u00e9 \u00e0 Lugdunum jusqu’\u00e0 l’invasion de la ville par les Burgondes en 457, date \u00e0 laquelle elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 rebaptis\u00e9e Lugdon.<\/p>

Les aqueducs<\/h2>
  1. Aqueduc du Gier<\/strong>
    Datant du milieu du Ier si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J.-C. ou du d\u00e9but du IIe si\u00e8cle<\/em>
    Cet ouvrage remarquable, l’un des plus imposants de Gaule, est attribu\u00e9 hypoth\u00e9tiquement \u00e0 Hadrien, puis \u00e0 Agrippa selon Armand Desbat. S’\u00e9tendant sur environ 75 km, principalement en conduite souterraine, il avait une capacit\u00e9 de d\u00e9bit pouvant atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 25 000 m\u00b3 par jour. Il \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de 8 tunnels, 30 ponts, 4 siphons, 8 s\u00e9ries de 10 arches sur plusieurs centaines de m\u00e8tres et atteignait une hauteur maximale de 15 m\u00e8tres.<\/li>
  2. Aqueduc de l’Yzeron<\/strong>
    Probablement construit sous le r\u00e8gne de l’empereur Auguste (entre 20 et 10 av. J.-C.). <\/em>
    P\u00e9riode : Antiquit\u00e9.<\/em>
    Ce r\u00e9seau aqueduc s’\u00e9tendait sur une longueur totale de 40 km et rassemblait plusieurs ramifications pour collecter les eaux, notamment celles d’Yzeron, de Vaugneray, de Gr\u00e9zieux et de Mercier. Son parcours final demeure inconnu. Son d\u00e9bit pouvait atteindre jusqu’\u00e0 13 000 m\u00b3 par jour.<\/li>
  3. Aqueduc du Mont d\u2019Or<\/strong>
    Construit peu apr\u00e8s la fondation de la cit\u00e9 (43 av. J.-C.) <\/em>
    P\u00e9riode : Antiquit\u00e9.<\/em>
    Ce r\u00e9seau \u00e9tait le plus petit des quatre aqueducs de la r\u00e9gion lyonnaise. Il s’\u00e9tendait sur une distance de 26 km, reliant Poleymieux-au-Mont-d\u2019Or au quartier des Minimes \u00e0 Lyon. Son d\u00e9bit maximal \u00e9tait estim\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 10 000 m\u00b3 par jour et il \u00e9tait am\u00e9nag\u00e9 dans une tranch\u00e9e recouverte de dalles.<\/li>
  4. Aqueduc de la Br\u00e9venne<\/strong>
    Datant du d\u00e9but du Ier si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J.-C. <\/em>
    P\u00e9riode : Antiquit\u00e9.<\/em>
    Cet aqueduc parcourait une distance de 70 km, de l’Orjolle \u00e0 Aveize, jusqu’\u00e0 la colline de Fourvi\u00e8re \u00e0 Lyon. Il \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de 4 tunnels et d’un pont-canal. Son d\u00e9bit maximum \u00e9tait estim\u00e9 \u00e0 28 000 m\u00b3 par jour.<\/li><\/ol><\/div><\/div><\/div>
    \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
    \u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/form><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    La fondation de Lugdunum a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9battue par les historiens en raison du manque de d\u00e9tails dans les \u00e9crits anciens. L’histoire de Lugdunum repose principalement sur les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques abondantes et sur l’\u00e9pigraphie. La Naissance de Lugdunum D’apr\u00e8s Cic\u00e9ron, une r\u00e9volte \u00e0 Vienne en 44 avant J.-C. a entra\u00een\u00e9 l’expulsion de v\u00e9t\u00e9rans romains de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-patrimoine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa cit\u00e9 Gallo-Romaine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jevisitelyon.com\/en\/the-gallo-roman-city\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La cit\u00e9 Gallo-Romaine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La fondation de Lugdunum a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9battue par les historiens en raison du manque de d\u00e9tails dans les \u00e9crits anciens. L’histoire de Lugdunum repose principalement sur les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques abondantes et sur l’\u00e9pigraphie. 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